SAT词汇对比解析:fortunate与lucky
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1. 以下几句均可说,且大致同义:
他很幸运有一位好妻子。
正:He is fortunate [lucky] in a good wife.
正:He is fortunate [lucky] in having a good wife.
正:He is fortunate [lucky] to have a good wife.
正:He is fortunate [lucky] enough to have a good wife.
正:It is fortunate [lucky] (for him) that he has a good wife.
但严格说来,以上结构有时有细微区别:后接不定式通常暗示主语的一种好运气,有时可能指一种侥幸;而后接 that 从句则通常指一件令人愉快的事情。比较:
He was lucky to pass the driving test. 他侥幸通过了驾驶考试 (暗示:He wasn’t really up to the standard)。
It’s lucky that he passed the driving test. 很幸运,他通过了驾驶考试(暗示:Now he can drive himself to the station, take the children to the seaside, etc)。
2. 在“某人+be fortunate [lucky]+不定式的一般式”中,若 be 为一般现在时 is, are 等,其后的不定式通常为静态动词。如:
He is fortunate to have a lot of friends there. 他很幸运在那儿有很多朋友。
You are lucky to be alive after the accident. 你大难不死真是幸运。
但是,若该结构中的动词 be 为过去式(was, were) 或其后不定式不是一般式而是进行式或完成式等,则该不定式无此用静态动词的限制。如:
You are lucky [fortunate] to be going by air. 你要坐飞机去,真是幸运。
He is lucky [fortunate] to have escaped being caught. 他没被抓住,真是幸运。
He was lucky [fortunate] to escape being caught. (同上)
但是一般不说:He is lucky [fortunate] to escape being caught.
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